Temple, London escorts

The Temple is an area of central London, in the vicinity of Temple Church, It is one of the main legal districts of the capital and a notable centre for English law, both historically and in the present day. The Temple area of the City of London consists of the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, which are two of the four Inns of Court and act as local authorities in place of the City of London Corporation within their areas. The Royal Courts of Justice are just to the north and Temple tube station is located to the west in the City of Westminster. The wider Temple area is roughly bound by the River Thames (the Victoria Embankment) to the south, Surrey Street to the west, Strand, London and Fleet Street to the north, and Carmelite Street and Whitefriars Street to the east. It contains many barristers' chambers, solicitors' offices, as well as some notable legal institutions such as the Employment Appeal Tribunal.[http://www.employmentappeals.gov.uk/GenericPages/contactUs.htm Employment Appeal Tribunal] Contact Us The International Institute for Strategic Studies has its headquarters at Arundel House.[http://www.iiss.org/about-us/how-to-find-us/ International Institute for Strategic Studies] How to find us

Toponymy

The name is recorded in the 12th century as ''Novum Templum'', meaning 'New Temple'. It is named from a house belonging to the Knights Templar. The 'Old Temple' was located in Holborn. The name is shared with Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Temple Church and the Temple Bar, London. The Temple is an area of central London, in the vicinity of Temple Church, It is one of the main legal districts of the capital and a notable centre for English law, both historically and in the present day. The Temple area of the City of London consists of the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, which are two of the four Inns of Court and act as local authorities in place of the City of London Corporation within their areas. The Royal Courts of Justice are just to the north and Temple tube station is located to the west in the City of Westminster. The wider Temple area is roughly bound by the River Thames (the Victoria Embankment) to the south, Surrey Street to the west, Strand, London and Fleet Street to the north, and Carmelite Street and Whitefriars Street to the east. It contains many barristers' chambers, solicitors' offices, as well as some notable legal institutions such as the Employment Appeal Tribunal.[http://www.employmentappeals.gov.uk/GenericPages/contactUs.htm Employment Appeal Tribunal] Contact Us The International Institute for Strategic Studies has its headquarters at Arundel House.[http://www.iiss.org/about-us/how-to-find-us/ International Institute for Strategic Studies] How to find us

History

The Temple was originally the precinct of the Knights Templar whose Temple Church was named in honour of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem. The Knights had two halls, whose modern successors are the Middle Temple Hall and the Inner Temple Hall. Only the Inner Temple Hall preserves elements of the medieval hall on the site, however (namely, the medieval Buttery).

Upon the dissolution of the Knights Templar in 1312, the pope granted their possessions to the Knights Hospitaller. Edward II of England ignored the claims of the Knights Hospitaller, and divided the Temple into the Inner Temple and the Outer Temple, being the parts of the Temple within and without the boundaries of the City of London respectively. Not until 1324 was the claim of the Knights Hospitaller to the Inner Temple officially recognised in England; but even then Edward II still bestowed it on his favourite, Hugh Despenser the Younger, in spite of the Knights' rights. On Hugh's death in 1326 the Inner Temple passed first to the mayor of London and then in 1333 to one William de Langford, for a ten-year lease.Bellot (1902), pp. 19–24

In 1337 the Knights petitioned the king, now Edward III of England, to rectify the grant of consecrated land to a layman. As a result the Inner Temple was divided between the consecrated land to the east and the unconsecrated land in the west, the eastern part continuing to be called Inner Temple and the western part becoming known as Middle Temple. Langford continued to hold Middle Temple at a reduced rent. In 1346, Langford's lease having by then expired, the Knights Hospitaller leased both Middle and Inner Temples to lawyers from St George's Inn and Thavie's Inn respectively.Bellot (1902), pp. 19–24

When the Knights Hospitaller were dissoved by Henry VIII of England in the Protestant Reformation, the barristers remained as tenants of the Crown, for an annual rent of £10 for each society (of Inner and Middle Temple). Their current tenure dates from a charter granted to them by James I of England in 1608. Originally a grant of Fee farm grant, the reversion was purchased from Charles II of England, finally giving the lawyers absolute title.Bellot (1902), p. 25

(The Outer Temple area was granted to the Bishop of Exeter, and eventually purchased by the Earl of Essex (family name Devereux), who gave his name to Essex Street and Devereux Court, as well as Essex Court in Middle Temple.Ballot (1902) pp. 19–20)

The area of the Temple was increased when the River Thames was embanked by the Victoria Embankment, releasing land to the south which previously lay within the tidal reaches of the river. The original bank of the river can clearly be seen in a drop in ground level, for example in the Inner Temple Gardens or the stairs at the bottom of Essex Street.

The area suffered much damage due to enemy air raids in World War II and many of the buildings, especially in the Inner Temple and Middle Temple inns, had to be rebuilt. Temple Church itself was also badly damaged and had to be rebuilt. Nonetheless the Temple is rich with Grade I listed buildings. The Temple is an area of central London, in the vicinity of Temple Church, It is one of the main legal districts of the capital and a notable centre for English law, both historically and in the present day. The Temple area of the City of London consists of the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, which are two of the four Inns of Court and act as local authorities in place of the City of London Corporation within their areas. The Royal Courts of Justice are just to the north and Temple tube station is located to the west in the City of Westminster. The wider Temple area is roughly bound by the River Thames (the Victoria Embankment) to the south, Surrey Street to the west, Strand, London and Fleet Street to the north, and Carmelite Street and Whitefriars Street to the east. It contains many barristers' chambers, solicitors' offices, as well as some notable legal institutions such as the Employment Appeal Tribunal.[http://www.employmentappeals.gov.uk/GenericPages/contactUs.htm Employment Appeal Tribunal] Contact Us The International Institute for Strategic Studies has its headquarters at Arundel House.[http://www.iiss.org/about-us/how-to-find-us/ International Institute for Strategic Studies] How to find us

Inner Temple and Middle Temple

[[File:Middle Temple Lane.jpg|thumb|250px|Looking down Middle Temple Lane – the buildings are occupied by barristers' chambers.]]
[[File:Inner Temple Garden 2007.jpg|thumb|250px|Part of the Inner Temple Garden and buildings.]]
The core of the district lies in the City of London and consists of two Inns of Court: Inner Temple (eastern part) and Middle Temple (western part). The Temple Church is roughly central to these two inns and is governed by both of them.

The Inns each have their own gardens, dining halls, libraries and administrative offices, all located in their part of the Temple. Most of the land is, however, taken up by buildings in which barristers practise from sets of rooms known as chambers.

There used to be a long-running dispute between the two inns concerning which one was the older and which ought to have precedence over the other accordingly. This was resolved in 1620 when a tribunal of four judges resolved that all four inns should be equal, "no one having right to precedence before the other."Bellot (1902), pp. 268–269

Until the twentieth century, many of the chambers in the Temple were also residential accommodation for barristers; however, shortage of space for professional purposes gradually limited the number of residential sets to the very top floors, which are largely occupied by senior barristers and judges, many of whom use them as pied-à-terres, having their family home outside London. (There are also a limited number of rooms reserved for new barristers undertaking the Bar Professional Training Course.) This, coupled with a general suburbanization, has made the Temple much quieter outside working hours than it appears, for example, in the novels of Charles Dickens, which frequently allude to the Temple. Today, approximately a quarter of the chambers buildings in the Inner Temple and Middle Temple include residential accommodation, and current planning policy is to retain this where possible, to retain the special "collegiate" character of the Temple Inns of Court.[http://217.154.230.195/NR/rdonlyres/A5438496-AA81-40CA-849E-B5105C9FE127/0/DP_PL_udp03.pdf City of London] UDP – Housing

There is also a 19th-century building called "The Outer Temple", situated between Essex Court and Strand, just outside the Middle Temple boundary in the City of Westminster, but this is not part of the modern Inns of Court, has commercial landowners and is not directly related to the historic and long-defunct Outer Temple inn.

An area known as Serjeant's Inn was formerly outside the Temple, although at one time also occupied by lawyers (the Serjeant-at-law). However, it has recently been acquired by the Inner Temple (it is adjacent and connected to King's Bench Walk in the Inner Temple) and now has a number of barristers' chambers.

Liberty
Inner Temple and Middle Temple are two of the few remaining Liberty (division), an old name for a geographic division. They are independent extra-parochial areas,[http://www.agi.org.uk/SITE/UPLOAD/DOCUMENT/Events/AGI2009/papers/MartinLaker.pdf Association for Geographic Information] What place is that then? (PDF) historically not governed by the City of London Corporation[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/localact1996/pdf/ukla_19960004_en.pdf City of London (Approved Premises for Marriage) Act 1996] "By ancient custom the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple and the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple exercise powers within the areas of the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple respectively ("the Temples") concerning (''inter alia'') the regulation and governance of the Temples" (and are today regarded as local authorities for most purposes[http://www.middletemple.org.uk/the_inn/middle-temple-as-a-local-authority.html Website of the Middle Temple]) and equally outside the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Bishop of London. They geographically fall within the boundaries and liberties of the City of London, but can be thought of as independent enclaves. They both are part of the City ward of Farringdon Without.

The southern boundary of the Temple liberties was the natural bank of the River Thames until the Victoria Embankment was constructed (1865–1870). The boundary of the Temple liberties remained fixed despite this notable engineering work, which meant that the Inner and Middle Temple lost their frontage and access to the Thames. (The boundaries of the Inner and Middle Temple liberties have not changed in centuries, although both now own properties just beyond their liberties' boundary.) The Victoria Embankment (which is a major thoroughfare with an London Underground line running beneath) does not therefore form part of the Inner or Middle Temple – the southern boundary today runs along the boundary fence where the Temple gardens meets the Victoria Embankment road, more or less where the original bank of the Thames used to be. The City of London's southern boundary on the other hand runs along the centre of the Thames itself. The Temple is an area of central London, in the vicinity of Temple Church, It is one of the main legal districts of the capital and a notable centre for English law, both historically and in the present day. The Temple area of the City of London consists of the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, which are two of the four Inns of Court and act as local authorities in place of the City of London Corporation within their areas. The Royal Courts of Justice are just to the north and Temple tube station is located to the west in the City of Westminster. The wider Temple area is roughly bound by the River Thames (the Victoria Embankment) to the south, Surrey Street to the west, Strand, London and Fleet Street to the north, and Carmelite Street and Whitefriars Street to the east. It contains many barristers' chambers, solicitors' offices, as well as some notable legal institutions such as the Employment Appeal Tribunal.[http://www.employmentappeals.gov.uk/GenericPages/contactUs.htm Employment Appeal Tribunal] Contact Us The International Institute for Strategic Studies has its headquarters at Arundel House.[http://www.iiss.org/about-us/how-to-find-us/ International Institute for Strategic Studies] How to find us

Temple tube station and pier

Temple gives its name to Temple tube station, served by the District line (green) and Circle line (London Underground) (yellow) lines, which is situated in the southwest of the area, between Temple Place and the Victoria Embankment. There is also a Temple Pier on the Victoria Embankment, situated near the Tube station immediately upstream of the Westminster-City of London boundary; HMS Wellington is permanently moored there. The Temple is an area of central London, in the vicinity of Temple Church, It is one of the main legal districts of the capital and a notable centre for English law, both historically and in the present day. The Temple area of the City of London consists of the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, which are two of the four Inns of Court and act as local authorities in place of the City of London Corporation within their areas. The Royal Courts of Justice are just to the north and Temple tube station is located to the west in the City of Westminster. The wider Temple area is roughly bound by the River Thames (the Victoria Embankment) to the south, Surrey Street to the west, Strand, London and Fleet Street to the north, and Carmelite Street and Whitefriars Street to the east. It contains many barristers' chambers, solicitors' offices, as well as some notable legal institutions such as the Employment Appeal Tribunal.[http://www.employmentappeals.gov.uk/GenericPages/contactUs.htm Employment Appeal Tribunal] Contact Us The International Institute for Strategic Studies has its headquarters at Arundel House.[http://www.iiss.org/about-us/how-to-find-us/ International Institute for Strategic Studies] How to find us

See also

*Temple Bar, London
*Inner Temple Library
*Gray's Inn
*Lincoln's Inn
*English law

'''General:'''
*History of London The Temple is an area of central London, in the vicinity of Temple Church, It is one of the main legal districts of the capital and a notable centre for English law, both historically and in the present day. The Temple area of the City of London consists of the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, which are two of the four Inns of Court and act as local authorities in place of the City of London Corporation within their areas. The Royal Courts of Justice are just to the north and Temple tube station is located to the west in the City of Westminster. The wider Temple area is roughly bound by the River Thames (the Victoria Embankment) to the south, Surrey Street to the west, Strand, London and Fleet Street to the north, and Carmelite Street and Whitefriars Street to the east. It contains many barristers' chambers, solicitors' offices, as well as some notable legal institutions such as the Employment Appeal Tribunal.[http://www.employmentappeals.gov.uk/GenericPages/contactUs.htm Employment Appeal Tribunal] Contact Us The International Institute for Strategic Studies has its headquarters at Arundel House.[http://www.iiss.org/about-us/how-to-find-us/ International Institute for Strategic Studies] How to find us

References

* The Temple is an area of central London, in the vicinity of Temple Church, It is one of the main legal districts of the capital and a notable centre for English law, both historically and in the present day. The Temple area of the City of London consists of the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, which are two of the four Inns of Court and act as local authorities in place of the City of London Corporation within their areas. The Royal Courts of Justice are just to the north and Temple tube station is located to the west in the City of Westminster. The wider Temple area is roughly bound by the River Thames (the Victoria Embankment) to the south, Surrey Street to the west, Strand, London and Fleet Street to the north, and Carmelite Street and Whitefriars Street to the east. It contains many barristers' chambers, solicitors' offices, as well as some notable legal institutions such as the Employment Appeal Tribunal.[http://www.employmentappeals.gov.uk/GenericPages/contactUs.htm Employment Appeal Tribunal] Contact Us The International Institute for Strategic Studies has its headquarters at Arundel House.[http://www.iiss.org/about-us/how-to-find-us/ International Institute for Strategic Studies] How to find us

External links

Category:Law in the United Kingdom
Category:Districts of the City of London
Category:Districts of the City of Westminster
Category:Districts of London on the River Thames
Category:Areas of London

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